(2806) Proposal to conserve the name Cistus violaceus ( Helianthemum violaceum ) against C . racemosus ( Cistaceae )

(2806) Cistus violaceus Cav., Icon. 2: 38, t. 147. Apr–Nov 1793 [Angiosp.: Cist.], nom. cons. prop. Lectotypus (hic designatus): [Spain], “Quart collibus” [Valencia, Quart de les Valls?], Mar 1792, Cavanilles (MA barcode MA 475544). (=) racemosus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 368; Mant. Pl.: 76. 15–31 Oct 1767, rej. Le Monnier in Herb. Linnaeus No. 689.56 (LINN). The Old World genus Helianthemum Mill. (Cistaceae) constitutes a well-supported monophyletic group (Guzmán & Vargas Organisms Diversity Evol. 9: 83–99. 2009; Aparicio al. Taxon 66: 868–885. 2017) that includes about 110 taxa of small herbs or subshrubs (at species and subspecies level). is distributed Macaronesia, North Africa, Europe, West Central Asia, with higher diversity concentrated the western Mediterranean, particularly Iberian Peninsula (Greuter Med-Checklist 1. 1984; López González Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 50: 35–63. 1992, Castroviejo al., Fl. Iberica 3: 365–421. 1993; Arrington Kubitzki Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 5: 62–70. 2003; Parejo-Farnés Complut. 37: 83–92. 2013). Some first described by several authors but currently included (see, e.g., www.worldfloraonline.org) are taxonomically very complex, have already been typified (see González, l.c. 1 992). name violaceum (Cav.) Pers. (Syn. 78. 1806) (≡ 1793) applied to variable diverse species, large number synonyms (López 1993: 377). Centre Mediterranean region: Peninsula, France, Italy, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco (Maire Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 14: 118–158. 1923; Tison France Médit.: 982. 2014; http://powo.science.kew.org/). This taxon was traditionally treated under pilosus L. (Sp. 528. 1753) Willkomm, Descr. Nov. 103–105, 1859, tt. 132–133. 1861, Prodr. Hispan. 728. 1880; Grosser Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 193 (Heft 14): 70. 1903; Jarvis, Order out Chaos: 422. 2007). However, identity C. has misunderstood. A study this resulted type designation (Ferrer-Gallego 70: 208–209. 2021). identification material prompted proposal conserve laevis Cav. (l.c.: 35) Fumana Pau Bol. Esp. 1: 209. 1901) against (Ferrer-Gallego, l.c.). protologue complete description followed provenance “Habitat collibus aridis regni Valentini, Sagunti, Valldignae”, phrase “Florebat Maio”, comment “Diversus videtur Cisto splendente D. Lamarck foliis minimis, neque viridibus et splendentibus, quo ab Apenino Linnaei etiam differt. Calices colore habitu characterem haud contemnendum suppeditant.” also an excellent illustration plant (Cavanilles, l.c.: 147), which can be considered original violaceus. Cavanilles's drawing illustrates leaves flowers, details flowers fruits (image available at https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9680/?offset=39#page=134). Among relevant herbarium found, Herbarium MA, there two specimens species. sheet 475544 bears three stems, no fruits, envelope fragments. contains labels: “Cistus / martio 1792” handwritten Cavanilles, printed/typewritten label “Herbarium Horti Botanici Matritensis Cavanillesii Typi Cuarte (Valencia)” http://161.111.171.57/herbarioV/visorVCat.php?img=MA-01-00475544), inside “Herbario Ibérico Jardín Botánico Specim. orig.! In (Valencia) III-1792 Cavanilles” Carlos Vicioso. On other hand, 475545 fruits. labels, i.e., printed Cav.”, annotated as “Cist. este me parece ser el tipo”, Typus? Leg. Cavanilles?” these sheets, specimen lacks author, date collection, therefore cannot material. Garilleti (in Fontqueria 38: 151. 1993) indicated “Posible tipo” [possible material]. author mentioned “Quart, en la etiqueta manuscrita bien puede actual Cuart Valls, localidad sita los montes Sagunto” (Quart, on label, may well current “Cuart Valls” [Quart Valls Valencian language], located Sierra Sagunto). unfortunately, not effective typification, being contrary Art. 7.11 ICN Turland Regnum Veg. 159. 2018). explicitly stated introduction his work: “Nuestro objetivo ha sido estudiar herbario A. J. ningún caso se concretado una lectotipificación sus táxones” (Our aim case materialized lectotypification taxa) (Garilleti, 5; Garilleti, pers. comm.). Inadvertent lectotypifications were permitted common before 2001, usually when mistakenly believed holotype statement accidentally designated lectotype (Art. 9 Ex. 11). Garilleti's work unusual bearing explicit contain lectotypifications. Further, opposed “type specimen”, could refer one multiple syntypes material, so does indicate single type, nor it “definitely accepted” 7.11), only possibly so. Therefore, subsequent authorities interpreted mentions material” constituting typifications (e.g., Knapp 64: 195–203. 2007; Buira 72: e024. 2015; Iamonico Valdés 441–444. 2017). Because similar made for over 1000 taxa, if those unintended typifications, would disruptive nomenclature. established practice considering made. addition, another (with 475546) nine stems poorly preserved, four “V.V. monticulis Aranjuez aprili 1790” Ic. Vol. 2. Tab. ex Aranjuez. Neé legit.” Luis Née, Typi. (Madrid) IV-1790” fourth (inside envelope) Vicioso del (Cistus Cav.) – IV–1790 p.p. Nee Det. http://161.111.171.57/herbarioV/visorVCat.php?img=MA-01-00475546). Finally, Real Colegio Alfonso XII San Lorenzo El Escorial RCAXII Carrasco Perea 155–160. 2014). 4442 fragments, Cavanilles: valentini”. 4387 fragment Mariano Lagasca: herb.” 4389 En Onil y Tibi”. Probably, least 4389. Although collection appear visited Tibi April 1792 Excursions Diary [25 1792]. Arjb, XIII, 7, Fol 27v), second volume Icones published October Perea, conclusion, among elements, 147) RCAXII, I prefer designate most informative matches traditional concept use name, showing some diagnostic features linear linear-oblong, green grey- white-tomentose above, densely stellate-hairy beneath, slightly strongly revolute margins; stipules linear, shorter than petioles; sepals 4–8.5 mm, glabrous whole outer surface) Bolòs Vigo, Països Catalans 215. 1989; Morales Torres, Andalucía Oriental 195. Mateo Valentina 251. 2013; Concerning racemosus, (Mant. 1767) through short diagnosis (“CISTUS fruticulosus, lanceolato-linearibus subtus tomentosis”) synonym from Barrelier (Pl. Gall. Hisp. Ital. Observ.: 52, fig. 293. 1714), “Cistus, lavandulae folio, thyrsoidis”. protologue, geographical Hispania.” provided “Caulis statura Rosmarini, vix tomentosus. Folia linearia S. angusto-lanceolata, subpetiolata, laevissime tomentosa, longiuscula. Stipulae lineares. Racemi longissimi, terminales, secundi. Calyce anguslati, laeves.” repeated 368. “C. [Cistus] suffruticosus stipitatus, fol. tomentosus” reference “Mant. 76 [Mantissa plantarum: 1767]”. Linnaeus's elements cited (l.c.) lavendulae folio thyrsoides”, used describe racemosus. opposite leaves, stipules, interpretation ambiguous, critically identified purposes precise application according Rouy Rev. Sci. (Montpellier), sér. 3, 1883, belonging H. syriacum (Jacq.) Dum. Cours. [sub lavandulaefolium]). There LINN, (LINN), “racemosus” base specimen. “46. varietas pilosi?” http://linnean-online.org/6476/). According metadata associated website Linnean Collections, collected Louis-Guillaume Monnier. Monnier, sometimes written Lemonnier (1717–1799), French natural scientist contributor Encyclopédie. unable locate any further Linnaean Linnaean-linked herbaria. selected (LINN) l.c; l.c.; Crespo, Claves Ilustr. Valenciana: 130. summary, purpose nomenclatural stability, propose conservation 14.1 ICN. Rejection undesirable consequence because heterotypic unknown ignored and, therefore, well-known violaceus, works, need replaced racemosum (L.) Desf. (Tabl. École Bot.: 153. 1804), little known used. PPFG, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7595-9302 Thanks Mats Hjertson (UPS, Museum Evolution, Botany Section, Uppsala University, Sweden) images sheets. Ricardo (Valencian Spain) help Herbarium. Dr. John Wiersema McNeill their advice, assistance, valuable comments improved proposal.